東大和市内を通過する新青梅街道は、かって、青梅成木から江戸へ通ずる初期江戸街道の道筋を活かしてつくられています。そして、東大和市内の狭山で分岐して、一部は現在も江戸時代の道筋を残し、途中変化しながらも、田無まで辿れます。
安政6年(1859)正月、その江戸街道で追い剥ぎ騒動が起こりました。新青梅街道から、かっての江戸街道に分岐して間もなくの場所「清水前」です。
画像左端辺りが新青梅街道と江戸海道の分岐点
当時の後ヶ谷村の名主・杉本家に残された『安政六年村用日記』にこんな事件が記されています。
「一 当正月十一日 朝 五つ半時(午前9時)、
多摩郡岸村の名主・平兵衛殿、組頭源八組に属する 肴屋六兵衛(三十四才)が
江戸表へ買い出しに行く途中
清水村前の江戸海道にて 追い剥ぎ三人が出て
酒手を貸し申すべしと罵(ののし)ったので
三声 呼び声を上げたら 口をふさぎ、その上 打擲した上
懐中に持っていた縞の財布(金四両一分一朱入り)を奪い取り、
南の方へ逃げ去った といって、
肴屋六兵衛が後ヶ谷村字砂の安五郎の隠居のところへ逃げて来て云うには、
右の次第で打擲にあい 歩行が出来兼ねるので、
岸村へ通達して下さいと申し、歎くので、
早々岸村へは沙汰に及び
かつ又肴屋六兵衛を呼び寄せ、委細承り糺(ただ)したところ
右の次第に相違なく、
一人は二十四、五才
一人は二十八、九才
一人は三十二、三才のものにて
三人とも絹布の頭巾をかぶり、長脇差を帯び 股引 脚絆をはいた旅装姿で
いずれも美しき身なりであったと申すので、
肴屋六兵衛の案内で、場所を見届けたところ
全く 清水前の江戸海道に相違ありません。
右六兵衛は岸村へ送り返しました。
この段 廻文を以て お知らせ申し上げますので
早々 御順達下さり、最期の村より御返し下さい。
以上 後ヶ谷村
名主 彦四郎印
未正月十一日 夕方
高木村御両組 奈良橋村 蔵敷村 芋久保村両御組 宅部村
杉本 清水村
廻り田村両御組 野口村三御組
右村々
御名主中様」
『武蔵国多摩郡後ヶ谷村杉本家文書(安政年間)上巻p121』(意訳ブログ筆者)
幕末も安政6年(1859)頃になると、長崎、箱舘、神奈川の開港問題、ロシア、イギリス、フランス、オランダ、アメリカとの貿易許可など、対外的な問題が押し寄せ、騒然とした中で、東大和市域の村にも流れ者が往来して、緊張が高まります。今回紹介したような美しき身なりの追い剥ぎが、脇差しをさして江戸街道を歩き、その都度、村人達はホラ貝で招集をかけ、竹槍で対応を余儀なくされています。また、近隣の村々へ情報伝達をして事件を知らせ、怪我をした当事者は村掛かりで送っています。
残念ですが、この顛末がどのようになったのかは、明らかではありません。中藤村の指田日記には
「11日、岸村の肴屋(さかなや)、昼九ッ過ぎ(正午)に高木村前にて、盗賊に金子四両を奪わるる由」
と記されています。時刻や場所の記述に違いがありますが、情報伝達の面白さを感じます。追い剥ぎの衣装や事件のあったときの対応、村同士の関係が描かれているので紹介しました。
①今回紹介した安政年間の杉本文書は、この度、東大和市郷土史グループ・みちの会の皆さんによる解読・編集、杉本堅治氏の私費による出版で、上・中・下三冊の豪華本となって見事に生み出されました。心から敬意を表し、お祝いを申し上げます。その生まれたての上巻から紹介しました。杉本文書については機会を改めて、紹介します。
②「江戸海道」「江戸街道」の区分は、東大和市内では江戸時代の文書に多くが「江戸海道」と表示され、現在は「江戸街道」が使われていることによります。
③図に後ヶ谷村名主宅が2家記されているのは、当時の後ヶ谷村には、狭山丘陵に形成された二つの谷にそれぞれ1名づつの名主が居たことによります。この事件の直接の扱いは南側の名主で、両者協議して対応し、北の谷の杉本家に記録されたものと考えます。
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江戸海道(江戸街道)追い剥ぎ事件(安政6年・1859): 東大和市ぶらり散歩
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江戸海道(江戸街道)追い剥ぎ事件(安政6年・1859): 東大和市ぶらり散歩
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